Correction and Retraction

Journal of Applied Artificial Intelligence in Education (JAAIE) is committed to maintaining the integrity, transparency, and completeness of the scholarly record. Any change to an article after online publication is carried out only under specific conditions and in accordance with recognized best practices in academic publishing.

An Erratum is a statement prepared by the authors of the original article to correct errors or omissions that occurred during writing or production. If the corrections influence the article’s conclusions, this must be clearly stated. The corrected article remains available online, accompanied by an erratum notice that is openly accessible and linked to the updated version.

Retraction

A Retraction signifies that an article should no longer be regarded as part of the scientific literature. Retractions may be issued when:

• The findings are unreliable due to misconduct or unintentional error.
• The findings have been published previously elsewhere without proper citation, permission, or justification (duplicate publication).
• The work contains plagiarism.
• The research conducted is unethical.

To maintain the scholarly record, retracted articles remain accessible online but are clearly marked with a retraction notice that is freely available and linked to the original content. Retractions may be initiated by the authors—such as when major scientific errors are discovered—or by the Editors/Publisher. All retraction notices specify the reason for retraction and the party responsible for the decision. If not all authors agree, this will be explicitly stated. In exceptional cases involving legal violations, the Publisher may redact or remove the article, while retaining bibliographic information.

A Publisher’s Note informs readers that an article has been corrected after publication due to production or typographical errors attributable to the Publisher that affect the integrity of metadata (title, authorship, byline) or significantly hinder comprehension. In such cases, the original version may be removed and replaced with a corrected one, and the Publisher’s Note is made freely available.

Minor errors that do not affect metadata, clarity, or scientific validity may be corrected at the discretion of the Publisher.

Implementation Details

• The date of any correction is clearly displayed on the updated article.
• An original article may be removed and replaced by a corrected version only within one year from its original publication date.
• For articles older than one year, corrections are documented through a Publisher’s Note rather than full replacement.

JAAIE adheres to internationally recognized publication ethics standards, including the COPE Guidelines for Retracting Articles.